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This study has two aims. First, it will explore how musculoskeletal physiotherapists use—or would like to use—chat-based language models to support assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of whiplash. A single 90-minute in-person focus group with a stratified sample of five to six clinicians will surface real-world prompts, scenarios where models help or fall short, patient specificity in queries, and strategies for handling unreliable responses. Draft prompts derived from this discussion will then be emailed back to participants for feedback and refinement.

Second, the finalized prompts (approximately 25–30 items ranging from simple yes/no checks to complex case scenarios) will be submitted to leading language models. Two independent physiotherapists will score each response as either “guideline-concordant or not contradictory” versus “contradictory,” with a third rater resolving any disagreements.

Expected Outcomes:
The project will yield a validated library of clinician-authored prompts organized by assessment, diagnosis, and treatment tasks; qualitative insights into factors driving physiotherapist engagement with language models; and quantitative measures of model alignment with 2024 whiplash guidelines. Findings will guide best practices for safe, effective integration of conversational language models into musculoskeletal care.

Co-Investigators (e.g. Smith, A., Jones, S., Petterson, K.L., Fuller, A.)

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Milestones 9 entries

Name	Start Date	Due Date	Status	Date Completed
Semi-structured interviews with physiotherapists	17/12/2025	27/02/2026	Completed	06/03/2026
Transcription of interviews	05/01/2026	27/02/2026	Completed	10/03/2026
Qualitative data analysis	27/02/2026	13/03/2026	Completed	06/07/2026
Development of whiplash prompts		31/03/2026	In progress
Gathering feedback on prompts	01/04/2026	15/04/2026	Completed	06/07/2026
Testing prompts against LLMs	16/04/2026	16/04/2026	Not started
Evaluating LLM responses	17/04/2026	30/04/2026	Not started
Quantitative data analysis	17/04/2026	01/05/2026	Not started
Manuscript preparation		15/05/2026	Not started

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Project Progress 2 entries

09 Jul 2026 2:02 PM

Have finished qualitative coding. Have received feedback from 6 of 12 clinicians on the prompts.

05 Feb 2026 11:13 AM

Currently recruiting and interviewing physiotherapy participants

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Milestones 9 entries

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Project Progress 2 entries